A hummingbird garden can be a vibrant haven, but some common ornamental plants contain compounds that may harm these delicate birds. Below is a list of eight plants known to be potentially toxic to hummingbirds, along with reputable sources for further information.
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Foxglove, with its tall spikes of tubular flowers, contains cardiac glycosides that can disrupt heart function in many animals, including birds. According to the Cornell University Poisonous Plants Database, Digitalis purpurea is considered toxic due to these compounds. While its blooms are striking, it’s best to keep foxglove away from areas frequented by hummingbirds to ensure their safety. For safer garden ideas, see this guide.
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2. Oleander (Nerium oleander)
Oleander is a popular ornamental shrub recognized for its evergreen foliage and showy flowers. However, the U.S. National Library of Medicine (MedlinePlus) notes that all parts of this plant are highly toxic, containing cardiac glycosides that can be harmful if ingested by hummingbirds. Even a small amount can pose a serious risk to these tiny birds, so consider safe alternatives for your landscape. Read more about ways to protect hummingbirds here.
3. Lantana (Lantana camara)
Lantana’s bright clusters of flowers are prized in many gardens, but Cornell University’s Poisonous Plants Database indicates that its foliage contains toxic substances that can affect animals and possibly birds. Ingestion can cause liver damage or other severe health issues. If you’re looking for safer options, check this resource for tips on protecting hummingbirds.
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4. Azalea (Rhododendron spp.)
Azaleas are known for their spectacular spring blooms, but they contain grayanotoxins that can affect both the digestive and cardiac systems in animals. Cornell University’s Poisonous Plants Database confirms their toxicity. Because hummingbirds are so small, even minimal exposure can be dangerous, making azaleas a risky choice for hummingbird-friendly gardens.
5. Morning Glory (Ipomoea spp.)
Many species of morning glory vines have gorgeous, trumpet-shaped flowers that may attract hummingbirds. However, Cornell University’s database notes that some Ipomoea species contain alkaloids that can be harmful if consumed in large quantities. It’s wise to verify the specific species before planting, or opt for safer flowering vines like those suggested here.
6. Daffodil (Narcissus spp.)
Daffodils, one of the first signs of spring, contain lycorine—a toxic alkaloid that can cause gastrointestinal issues. The ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center lists Narcissus species as poisonous to pets, and small birds like hummingbirds could also be at risk if they ingest plant material or nectar tainted with these compounds.
7. Jasmine (Jasminum spp. and similar species)
The aroma of jasmine is enticing, but it’s important to differentiate true Jasminum species from look-alikes like Carolina Jessamine (Gelsemium sempervirens), which is documented by the Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center as highly toxic. Because these vines are often confused, gardeners aiming to attract hummingbirds should confirm plant labels carefully or consult local experts to ensure they are using a non-toxic variety.
8. Honeysuckle (Lonicera spp.)
Honeysuckle is known for its sweet nectar and is often used to attract hummingbirds. However, Cornell University indicates that some varieties contain saponins, which can be toxic. While many hummingbirds do visit honeysuckle, gardeners should research specific species or cultivars that are known to be safer and less invasive. To learn more about hummingbird-friendly gardening, see these tips.