Observing the little creatures for several years, I see that even the most experienced hummingbird watchers can make mistakes. Though some are seasoned observers and others are novices, all of the mistakes listed here can hinder success in attracting and keeping a healthy population of hummingbirds in the garden.

1. Using Red Dye in Nectar

One common belief is that red dye attracts more hummingbirds. This is both untrue and harmful. You do not need red dye to attract hummingbirds. The red dye at the top of your feeder is enough. Also, you do not need a complex or expensive recipe for nectar. The correct ratio for nectar is 4 parts water and 1 part sugar (plain white sugar). Always avoid commercial nectars with red dye.

2. Letting Feeders Go Empty

Hummingbirds have amazing memories and will come back to food sources they have visited in the past. When feeding stations go empty, especially during migration periods, you run the risk of losing your regular customers. These high metabolism birds have to keep coming back for food and an empty feeder could cause them to look for food and distract them from their migration.

3. Improper Feeder Placement

Most observers place feeders where people can see them, but not where they are useful to the hummingbirds. Feeders should be away from direct sunlight, wind, and should be near natural perches. Also, hang them at least 10-15 feet apart to reduce the chance of territorial birds claiming all of the feeders.

4. Neglecting Feeder Cleaning

Neglected feeders can develop dangerous bacteria and mold that can make hummingbirds ill. While weather is cool, feeders can be cleaned less frequently (every 4-5 days); hot weather, however, requires cleaning every 2-3 days. Clean feeders using a solution of one part white vinegar and four parts water. Avoid using soap, as it can leave harmful residues.

5. Using the Wrong Nectar Recipe

The only recipe you need is four parts water to one part white granulated sugar. Do not use honey, artificial sweeteners, or brown sugar — they are harmful to hummingbirds. First boil the water to help the sugar to dissolve and remove the impurities. Let the mixture cool completely before filling feeders.

6. Removing Feeders Too Early

Some people think that if they take down feeders, they can prevent birds from migrating. Hummingbirds rely on daylight hours, not food, to make migrating decisions. You should leave your feeders up at least two weeks after your last hummingbird sighting to assist late migrants and stragglers on their journey south.

7. Ignoring Natural Food Sources

Although feeders are a good supplement, having natural food sources increases the chance of hummingbirds visiting regularly and provides them a healthy variety in their diet. Many seasoned watchers forget to incorporate native plants that attract the insects hummingbirds require for protein. To enhance the habitat, include native trumpet honeysuckle, cardinal flower, or bee balm.

8. Using Yellow Insect Guards

Insect guards of the yellow variety can draw the attention of wasps and bees and potentially create competition at your feeders. Try using clear or red insect guards and check that your feeders do not leak. A feeder that does not drip is your best protection from unwanted insects.

9. Not Providing Water Sources

Hummingbirds need more than nectar to survive. They love to bathe in and play in moving water. Misting systems and shallow fountains with moving water can attract and provide hummingbirds with the baths they need. The sound of running water also helps draw in migrating hummingbirds.

10. Overcrowding Feeders

Putting a lot of feeders in a small area may cause aggressive territorial behavior. Space your feeders at least 10-15 feet apart and consider putting them out of view from one another. This will reduce competition and allow more birds to eat.

11. Feeder Types Used Incorrectly

Not all hummingbird feeders are the same. Some are difficult to clean and have issues with leaking. Pick feeders that can come apart fully so that you can clean it all and have an ant moat built in. Feeders that use a saucer style tend to be more reliable compared to the bottle style.

12. Not Protecting from Predators

Hummingbirds can be eaten by cats, large birds, and even praying mantises. When placing feeders, use open spaces and try to avoid areas where cats can hide and where there are dense shrubs that are 10 to 15 feet during predator peak times. You can use protective devices like baffles to protect your feeders from predators.

13. Not Maintaining Winter Feeders

Many people forget to service feeders in cold weather. Bring feeders in at night or use heated feeders to prevent freezing. Multiple feeders also allows you rotation so that they have constant access to unfrozen nectar.

14. Missing Peak Feeding Times

Most observers miss out on peak feeding times in the early morning and at dusk. These times are critical for feeding. Hummingbirds need to stock up on their energy reserves. Make sure to keep the feeders clean and full during these critical times. You might also consider creating discreet observation points to watch the feeders during this peak activity.

15. Forgetting to Document

Most seasoned observers tend to not document their findings. Noting the arrival dates, species, behaviors, and patterns can help you understand and anticipate the activity of hummingbirds in your region. Think about participating in citizen science projects to send your findings to scientists.