hungry barn swallow

The Barn Swallow’s Mud Nest

An 1882 naturalist’s complete record of how barn swallows raise a mud nest on a bare beam — the masonry, the schedule, the measurements, and the pair that built over a blacksmith’s anvil.

American Robin (Turdus migratorius) feeds on red berry-like fruit of Toyon shrub

Will Robins Strip Your Cherry Tree?

The USDA’s own 1,236-stomach study of the robin — how much cultivated fruit it really takes, why cherries suffer most, and the mulberry planting trick that protects them.

Ruby-throated Hummingbird In Flight

How a Hummingbird Builds Her Nest

Thomas Gentry’s 1882 eyewitness record of the ruby-throat’s nest — mullein wool, spider silk, lichen shingles, and dimensions to the tenth of an inch.